This was a post from 2012, that had got deleted. Resurrected from waybackmachine.
I got this Letter thru email and the saw that it had been posted on a blog as well
Update: Please read Climate Change, Food Security & Virtual Water an Asymmetric Threat to Sri Lanka which articulates this whole issue in a bigger picture context.
Excerpts from the email from Feisal Mansoor (fmansoor at sltnet.lk)
Dabur plan to make 280,000 cases (1 litre x 12 per case) of fruit
based beverages a month. So we are talking about a minimum of 280,000 x
12 = 3,360,000* litres of liquid per month.
.......
Kamy Melwani
of Neo Synthesis Research has made it plain to me that Dabur have done
insufficient research because what we have in our region is a rock
based rain fed aquifer, which explains why my bore hole dried up so
quickly. The Water Engineer who specified and dug the well told me I
would get 50,000 litres per day. In fact I got nothing like this and it
dried up within two weeks. The National Water Supply and Drainage
Board came and tested the well for me and they too told me it was not
viable. I had to abandon it.
No EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment)
has been conducted on the land and Dabur have easily side stepped the
intent and purpose of our legislation.
Basically Dabur is going to use about about
10.5 million gallons a year. That is
a 32 foot depletion of groundwater from an acre (See
gallons to acre feet)
. Anyway you look at it that is a lot of water, which could take decades to replenish /recharge. (more about
groundwater depletion here). Groundwater recharge in Sri Lanka is anywhere from
11 mm/year to 80 mm/year according to a study by R.P. de Silva. Based on simplistic assumptions, that means the ground water used by Dabur in one year, can take
from 120 years to 1000 years to be recharged.
I have been expecting this from our neighbors, including the eastern
Middle east. Dole, the largest multinational is also here with I think
2500 acres in the Buttala Pelwatte region. i.e. we have a resource,
water, in the form of rain and groundwater that India and the ME have in
increasingly in short supply.
Artificial groundwater recharge is becoming increasingly important in
India, where over-pumping of groundwater by farmers has led to
underground resources becoming depleted. In 2007, on the recommendations
of the International Water Management Institute,
the Indian government allocated Rs 1800 crore (US$400million) to fund
dug-well recharge projects (a dug-well is a wide, shallow well, often
lined with concrete) in 100 districts within seven states where water
stored in hard-rock aquifers had been over-exploited.
The
benefits of groundwater are obvious. But so are the dangers. Overuse can
cause severe problems. On the coast of Gujarat, in west India, for
example, farmers benefited hugely from groundwater during the 1960s and
1970s, earning this coastal strip the name ‘the Green Creeper’. But the
prosperity was short-lived. Too much freshwater was withdrawn too
quickly. This caused salty seawater to be drawn up to 7 km inland,
killing the region’s tubewell based economy. The story is similar in
Yemen, where overuse caused the levels of the country’s aquifers to drop
by up to 40 meters in 9 years. Now many farmers simply can’t drill deep
enough to access the resource. (from IWMI Water Policy Briefs please read)
I agree about investment to develop, but increasingly the model seems
like the the Middle East in the early 1900's. Till a few decades back
all the oil companies in the Middle east (and other Latin American
countries) were American/European. The product was extracted, a nominal
royalty fee paid, shipped out of the producer country and value added
products including refinery/plastics done in Europe/America. Valid
arguments for this model are that the technology and the skilled labor
only existed in the West at that time.
Our water, including groundwater is becoming an increasingly precious
resource, just as much as petroleum became a natural resource with no
value to an extremely valuable resource. The arguments that the skills
and skilled labor needed for value added products (processed food,
bottled water) are unavailable in Sri Lanka hold no water (pun
intended). I can only see the possibility that investment is needed to
full potential of the resources.
Assuming investment is needed to fully realize the potential of our
precious resource, i.e grow food or industrial crops in the country
there should be some guidelines, e.g.
a) Land lease time should be minimal,
b) If groundwater is used expected usage and amount of groundwater
depletion becomes cost of lease (and compensation to neighbors)
c) Value added production should be done in the country, i.e drying
fruit and packaging, bottled water etc, extraction/distillation.


Above
are photos of the Dole Entrance, and the banana plantation with paddy
fields interspersed. The paddy fields belong to local farmers who have
not sold out to Dole. See link from
Mongobay on Satellite imagery for the Dole Plantation